Pain and Inflammation Markers

Our TRPV1 Markers Rock
As sales of our Cell Based Assay Solutions continue to explode. We don't want you to forget that our roots firmly remain in products for Inflammation and Pain Researchers.

To verify this, you only need to check out the many publications referencing use of our TRPV1 Markers.

Image: Immunoreactivity for CXCL12 was detected in the macrophages (F4/80)

TRPV1 and Osteoarthritis Related Pain

Our TRPV Antibodies are widely used and frequently published. Many of these feature TRPVs' role in nociceptive pain. Specifically they play important roles in the detection of noxious stimuli and inflammatory hyperalgesia.

TRPV1 has been implicated in OA pain, both in animal models and by the finding that TRPV1 genetic variants are associated with the risk of symptomatic knee OA in humans: S Kelly, R J Chapman, S Woodhams, D R Sagar, J Turner, J J Burston, C Bullock, K Paton, J Huang, A Wong, D F McWilliams, B N Okine, D A Barrett, G J Hathway, D A Walsh, V Chapman. Increased function of pronociceptive TRPV1 at the level of the joint in a rat model of osteoarthritis pain. Ann Rheum Dis doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203413.
Methods: Rat spinal cord sections from MIA- and saline-treated rats (n=5/group) (see online supplemental methods) were incubated with a polyclonal guinea pig anti-TRPV1 antibody (1 : 500, Neuromics, Edina, Minnesota, USA catalogue number GP14100) and then with Alexa 568-conjugated goat anti-guinea pig secondary antibody (1:300, Molecular Probes). TRPV1 immunostaining was visualised with a Leica DMRB/DM4000 B fluorescence microscope and images were acquired using Openlab software (PerkinElmer)...

Images: Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) immunoreactivity in the spinal cord. TRPV1 immunofluorescence detected in superficial dorsal horn (10× magnification) in rat lumbar (L3–L5) spinal cord at day 28 post-intra-articular injection of saline (A) or mono-iodoacetate (MIA) (B). Minimum and maximum brightness values were altered (32.01 min and 90.14 max) using Image J so as to highlight the area of TRPV1 positive staining. (C) Quantification of TRPV1 immunofluorescence in superficial dorsal horn of spinal cord taken from rats at 14 or 28 days following intra-articular injection of MIA and at day 28 following intra-articular injection of saline. Data are expressed as mean and SEM (n=5 per group).

Clinical trials of oral TRPV1 antagonists have been limited by on-target-induced hyperthermia. Here experimental evidence for increased functional role of TRPV1 at the level of the joint in a model of OA pain and the demonstration that blockade of joint TRPV1 ablates sensory afferent sensitization and pain behaviour support future targeted site-specific investigations of the therapeutic potential of TRPV1 for OA pain associated with synovitis. This could be good news for OA sufferers.

TRPV1 Expression and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Dr Bret. Smith and his lab at Tulane have demontrated a link between Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) and VR1 N-Terminus (TRPV1) expression.

In this excellent study they showed an increase in expression in TLE mice vs controls.

Muthu D. Bhaskaran and Bret N. Smith. Effects of TRPV1 activation on synaptic excitation in the dentate gyrus of a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.01.021
...with polyclonal VR1 N-terminus (1:2500) (Neuromics, Edina)..

Abstract: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a condition characterized by an imbalance between excitation and inhibition in the temporal lobe. Hallmarks of this change are axon sprouting and accompanying synaptic reorganization in the temporal lobe. Synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids have variable therapeutic potential in treating intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, in part because cannabinoid ligands can bind multiple receptor types. This study utilized in vitro electrophysiological methods to examine the effect of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) activation in dentate gyrus granule cells in a murine model of TLE. Capsaicin, a selective TRPV1 agonist had no measurable effect on overall synaptic input to granule cells in control animals, but significantly enhanced spontaneous and miniature EPSC frequency in mice with TLE. Exogenous application of anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid that acts at both TRPV1 and cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1R), also enhanced glutamate release in the presence of a CB1R antagonist. Anandamide reduced the EPSC frequency when TRPV1 were blocked with capsazepine. Western blot analysis of TRPV1 receptor indicated protein expression was significantly greater in the dentate gyrus of mice with TLE compared with control mice. This study indicates that a prominent cannabinoid agonist can increase excitatory circuit activity in the synaptically reorganized dentate gyrus of mice with TLE by activating TRPV1 receptors, and suggests caution in designing anticonvulsant therapy based on modulating the endocannabinoid system.

Images: Western blot detection of TRPV1 receptor expression in the dentate gyrus. A. Diagram of dentate gyrus showing the microdissected area (box). B. Western blot showing TRPV1 receptor expression in two untreated mice and in two pilocarpine-treated mice that survived SE. Actin was used as the loading control which did not change significantly. C. Graph showing a significant (p less than 0.05; n=4) TRPV1 expression in epileptic mice.

Related Reagents:

TRPV (Vanilloid); TRPM; TRPA and TRPCs

Neurotransmission Research Antibodies-GPCRs, Ligand Gated Ion Channels, Biogenic Amines and more

Primary Neurons and Astrocytes- Primary human, rat and mouse neurons and astrocytes by Category.

More Success with TRPV1

Dr. Irmgard Tegeder and team have been using our VR1 N-Terminus (TRPV1) as a marker to study how B kinase (IKK) plays a role in sensory neuron excitability and nociception.

The antibody was used for both Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry. Here's a recent publication of their results:

Vanessa Bockhart, Cristina Elena Constantin, Annett Häussler, Nina Wijnvoord, Maike Kanngiesser, Thekla Myrczek, Geethanjali Pickert,Laura Popp, Jürgen-Markus Sobotzik, Manolis Pasparakis, Rohini Kuner, Gerd Geisslinger, Christian Schultz, Michaela Kress, and Irmgard Tegeder. Inhibitor B Kinase β Deficiency in Primary Nociceptive Neurons Increases TRP Channel Sensitivity. The Journal of Neuroscience, October 14, 2009, 29(41):12919-12929; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1496-09.2009

Related Reagents:
All TRPV (Vanilloid); TRPM; TRPA and TRPC Antibodies
Pain and Inflammation Research Antibodies

TRPV1 Antibodies in Action

We would like to thank Dr. Fletcher White, LUMC, for Sharing this data with us:

Images: The CCR2 chemokine receptor colocalized with IB4 and TRPV1, markers of nociceptive neurons, after injury. A) Many lumbar DRG neurons in vehicle-treated rat sensory neurons were positive for IB4, a neuronal phenotype that distinguishes some C-fiber nociceptors (red cells), however there was no expression of the CCR2 protein. B) After perineural gp120/hCD4 treatment, CCR2 protein expression (green cells) was upregulated, and co-localized with IB4. C) Both gp120/hCD4 and ddC treatment resulted in an upregulation of CCR2 expression (green cells) in many small and medium diameter neurons. Again, CCR2 co-localized in a number of IB4 positive cells. D) The TRPV1 channel is present on many nociceptive neurons and is involved in the neuropathic pain mechanism. Under normal conditions, TRPV1 was expressed in neurons (red cells). E) After gp120/hCD4 treatment, CCR2 expression is upregulated (green cells) and colocalized with TRPV1. F) After the combination of gp120/hCD4 and ddC treatments, again CCR2 was upregulated to a similar degree as gp120/hCD4 treatment alone and exhibited some colocalizations with TRPV1.
Scale Bar: 100um.

We would also like to share recent publications referencing our TRPVs:

Hao Sun, De-Pei Li, Shao-Rui Chen, Walter Hittelman, and Hui-Lin PanSensing of Blood Pressure Increase by Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Receptors on BaroreceptorsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., Sep 2009; doi:10.1124/jpet.109.160473 ......guinea pig anti-TRPV1, dilution 1:1000, Neuromics, Minneapolis, MN) and secondary antibody...guinea pig anti-VR1 C-terminus (TRPV1), dilution 1:1000,Neuromics; and rabbit anti-NF200, dilution 1:100...guinea pig anti-TRPV1, dilution 1:1000, Neuromics) for 2 hr at room temperature and

overnight......Kenjiro Matsumoto, Emi Kurosawa, Hiroyuki Terui, Takuji Hosoya, Kimihito Tashima, Toshihiko Murayama, John V. Priestley, and Syunji HorieLocalization of TRPV1 and contractile effect of capsaicin in mouse large intestine: high abundance and sensitivity in rectum and distal colonAm J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, Aug 2009; 297: G348 - G360. ......TRPV1 antibody (mouse TRPV1 C-terminus; Neuromics, Minneapolis, MN) were 1:60,000 for rectum...different anti-TRPV1 antibodies (1:60,000, Neuromics, and rat TRPV1 COOH-terminus, 1:1,000...experiments, the antibody (1:60,000; Neuromics) was preincubated with 10 uM of the corresponding......

Featured Reagents:
VR1 N-Terminus (TRPV1)
VR1 C-terminus (TRPV1)
VR1 C-Terminus (TRPV1) - mouse specific
Related Reagents
VR1 (TRPV1)-Goat
VR like-3 (TRPV3)
All TRPV (Vanilloid); TRPM; TRPA and TRPCs
Pain and Inflammation Antibodies